** G65 Wear 
Testing Apparatus

Welcome

A warm welcome to all our new subscribers.  We are glad to have you.  I also want to welcome
back our previous subscribers. Our list is growing.  Thank you for your participation. If you have questions, comments or suggestions, please don't hesitate to email me at
pnewsmail@cladtechnologies.com .  

NOTE TO PLAIN TEXT VIEWERS:  This email contains HTML content which you will not
be able to view with your email program.  You can view it in its entirety if you log onto our
website http://www.postle.com/Newsletter .  

If you have a friend or colleague that might like to join us, pass this email along.  Subscriptions
can be made by following the instructions at the bottom of the page.  

If you do not wish to continue receiving this newsletter, follow the instructions at the bottom of
the page.
***********************************************************************

In This Issue

1   What's New:  Postalloy 2839 SPL
2   Wear Testing
3   Humor: Medical Chart Absurdities
*****************************************************************************************************************

Postalloy 2839 SPL

Postle Industries has been hard at work over the past few years developing new and better alloys
for a host of different applications.  Our newest is a product that we are very excited about.
2839 SPL is a small diameter, gas shielded wire, for applications involving severe wear.  Traditionally
when there is severe wear, complex chromium carbide products are used.  These products give the
greatest wear resistance in the Iron base family without employing the very expensive Tungsten
Carbide family.  2839 SPL has the wear resistance of complex chromium carbide.  So what's so
new about that?  The new and unique thing about 2839 SPL is that it DOES NOT CHECK
CRACK.  This is truly unique.  No other wire known, at least to this writer's knowledge,
performs as 2839 SPL..  So why is this so special??  Well, as you know, chromium carbides,
check crack because of grain boundary carbide formation.  This characteristic limits the amount  
of layers that can be successfully deposited without spalling.  The magic number is 2 layers.
Some can get away with three layers, but two is usually the recommended amount. Because  
2839 SPL does not check crack it is not limited to 2 layers.  In fact multiple layers are possible,  
depending upon the weld procedures, etc.  The lack of check cracking also means that these  
unique deposits can be used in applications where corrosion is a factor.  There is no crack for the
corrosive media to get to the base material. 

The food processing industry has always avoided products that use materials that check crack because of bacterial growth factors.  2839 SPL now paves the way for use in these applications.  No crack – no bacteria. 

You can find out more about 2839 SPL on our website http://www.postle.com .  Click on the Data
Sheets link and go the appropriate product.  Click on the Start button below to see the jingle. Or download the little jingle from the website: http://www.postle.com/2839.exe .

A data sheet can be printed from this little program.  If you have an application for this product, please contact us for a demo or trial.  We'd love to hear from you. As time goes by, I will keep you informed of the status of this alloy in various applications.

*****************************************************************************************************************

There are probably more wear tests than there are wear mechanisms; such as abrasion, erosion,
galling, impact, and corrosion, just to mention a few.  The actual wear of a component is
usually a combination of a number of these mechanisms and it is very difficult to predict life
expectancy.  If one takes each mechanism on its own, and measures wear under certain
conditions, it is possible to get a pretty good ranking of materials.  Abrasion is probably the 
largest contributor to the wearing process.  It may possibly command a whopping 70% of all
wear mechanisms that exist.

ASTM has a test that is referred to as the ASTM G-65 abrasion test.  The test is basically a weight
loss test, and measures low stress or scratching type abrasion.  Postle Industries employs
this test in their laboratory in the development of alloys and as a regular Quality Assurance
test.  Metallurgical microstructure and hardness are the main factors that affect the test and
much can be learned about component life.  Unfortunately the results, which are actual
weight loss numbers, cannot be used easily in engineering calculations such as Tensile data can. 
Despite this however, valuable information about component longevity can be gathered.

The test is basically conducted using sand trickled down between a rubber wheel and the test
sample.  The rubber wheel acts as a carrier to scrape the sand particle across the sample. 
The test is conducted for a predetermined number of rotations of the wheel.  The sample is
then weighed and compared to the weight of the sample prior to the test.  For like materials, i.e.
steel, only the weight losses are compared.  If the test result is comparing unlike materials,
where the densities are different, then volume loss is compared. 

Below are some typical results of Postle 2 layer deposits. Remember, the higher the number the 
less abrasion resistance. These results must be coupled with the impact factor in many
applications.  Greater wear resistance usually implies less impact resistance.  Also, these
numbers only represent 2 layers on mild steel.  Dilution, the number of layers, cooling rates, and
base metal all play important roles.  Changing any of these variables will affect the results.
Below are some typical values.

Postalloy 2820 = .33 to .36 Grams
Postalloy 2832 = .15 to .19 Grams
Postalloy 2834 = .20 to .25 Grams
Postalloy 2836 = .10 to .12 Grams  
Postalloy 2839 = .10 to .12 Grams

*****************************************************************************************************************

1. Patient has chest pain if she lies on her left side for over a year.

2. 0n the second day the knee was better, and on the third day it disappeared.

3. The patient has been depressed since she began seeing me in I993.

4. Discharge status: Alive but without my permission.

5. The patient has no previous history of suicides.

6. Patient has left white blood cells at another hospital.

7. Patient had waffles for breakfast and anorexia for lunch.

8. Healthy-appearing, decrepit 69-year old male, mentally alert but forgetful.

9. She is numb from her toes down.

10. While in ER, she was examined, X-rated and sent home.

11. The skin was moist and dry.

12. Occasional, constant infrequent headaches.

13. Patient was alert and unresponsive.

14. She stated that she had been constipated for most other life, until she got a divorce.

15. I saw your patient today, who is still under our car for Physical therapy.

16. The patient was to have a bowel resection. However, he took a job as a stockbroker instead.

17. Skin: somewhat pale but present.

18. Patient has two teenage children, but no other abnormalities.
*****************************************************************************************************************